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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), having an increased inflammatory state due to an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, intermittent hypoxia, and increased cytokines, may aggravate the immune response for COVID-19 infection. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of OSA upon inflammatory response and length of stay in patients with favorable outcomes. METHODS: Patients admitted to an outpatient clinic after being hospitalized for treatment of COVID-19 were included consecutively in this cross-sectional multicenter observational study. STOP-Bang Questionnaire and a cut-off value of 3 points were used to identify patients with a high risk of OSA. RESULTS: Study population consisted of 201 patients with a median STOP-Bang score of 2.0 (1.0-4.0) points. According to the cut-off value of 3 points, 94 (46.8%) patients were classified as high-risk OSA patients. High-risk OSA patients were older, had many comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus, had higher serum D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin measurements, and had a longer hospital stay. Possible risk factors associated with length of stay were age, lymphocyte count, and total STOP-Bang score. Multivariable analysis revealed that a 1 point increase in STOP-Bang score results in a 0.43 day longer hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of OSA within COVID-19 patients with favorable outcomes is similar to the general population. However, the length of stay is related to the presence of high-risk OSA. Our study, therefore, suggests that OSA is related to delayed improvement of COVID-19 infection.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) creates acute and long-lasting infection which results in respiratory, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric problems. Etiology of neuropsychiatric manifestations can be associated with immune system response, inflammatory cytokines, and also the stressors which are experienced by patients as feeling the risk of being infected by the virus, economic problems, and social distancing. We aimed to present a case of a 53-year-old patient whose suicide note was found and was admitted with depressive and catatonic symptoms 8 weeks after the recovery from COVID-19. Catatonia was suspected, and he was given lorazepam 1 mg. Shortly thereafter, he was entirely alert, cooperative, and oriented. As an advantage of this case, the patient in our report had not used medications for COVID-19 and so we could exclude the effect of medications to the pathophysiology of post-coronavirus disease symptoms. A wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric manifestations was observed in terms of diagnosis after COVID-19. Catatonia can break out in the post-infectious period as well as in the para-infectious period. There are limitations to figure out the direct invasion of coronavirus and the effect of the systemic inflammation to the central nervous system. Nevertheless, it should be considered that catatonia may be one of the clinical results of COVID-19.
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On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of Health and Healthcare (Hubei Province, China) reported that there were 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin with symptoms starting on the 8 December. On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified that the agent causing the outbreak was a new type of virus of the Coronaviridae family, temporarily called 'new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV'. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak an international emergency and described it as a pandemic in March 2020. While it was previously referred to as 2019-nCoV by WHO, on February 11, 2020, the disease was named as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus2. The disease was confirmed to have reached Turkey on 11 March 2020, after a patient who had returned to Turkey from Europe, tested positive. The most appropriate treatment approach to treating COVID-19 remains unclear. Current treatment protocols are based on limited data and are evolving rapidly as clinical data emerge. A large volume of data and publications from randomized controlled trials, observational cohorts, and case series are emerging promptly, some in peer-reviewed journals, others as manuscripts that have not yet been peer reviewed. The Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health invited the specialties societies to prepare a clinical protocol for the management of COVID-19. The Turkish Pandemic Working Group prepare the present recommendations with the evidence available at the time of preparing them. It is aimed to summarize the treatment management of COVID-19 in line with the current treatment recommendations in national and international guidelines. Keywords: COVID-19;pandemic;treatment.
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In this research, it was aimed to determine the distance education of private music courses affiliated with the Ministry of National Education, which suspended educational activities between March 16 and June 1, 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study group of the study, in which the descriptive survey model was used, consists of 105 music courses operating under the Ministry of National Education in the 2019-2020 academic year. A questionnaire form consisting of open and closed questions created by the researchers was used as a data collection tool in the study. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were used in analyzing the data. As a result of the study, it was determined that the courses have more information about the distance education with the pandemic, the courses that did not use the distance education before the pandemic switch to distance education with the pandemic, the courses that switch to distance education mostly prefer the simultaneous model that includes the video conferencing method. It is thought that the findings to be obtained from this study will benefit the administrators of such courses, teachers, students and parents, researchers and interested parties. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.